Roofing shingle or tile



July 31, 1945.- G. B. BOOTH ROOFING 'SHINGLE OR TILE Filed June 2, 19444 Sheets-She'et 1 NVENTOR: Geozyeflerimzzzfloafij ATTORNEYS.

- G. B. BOQTH ROOFING SHINGLE OR TILE July 31, 1945.

Filed June 2 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYS.

July 31, 1945. i G. B. BOOTH 2,380,398

ROOFING SHINGLE OR TILE Filed June 2, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet I5 JNVENTOR:Geozzqe Bel-i101]: B0027 BY (7 6 Z ATTORNEYS.

July 31,1945. 61 B. BOOTH I 2,380,398

ROOFING SHINGLE OR TILE Filed June 2, 1944 4 Shets-Sh'eet 4 JIYGLZL Ham;w

ATTORNEYS.

, Patented July 3l, 1945 UNITED sTA'i-Es PATENT .OFFlCE 8 Claims.

This invention has general reference to protective covering for buildingstructures while it relates, more particularly, to sheathing or tilepreferably designed for use as a weather protective for buildings withpitched roofing.

The=primary object or this invention is to provide what I preferablyterm a triple-locking shinge or tile which is not only durable. but ismore weather-proof than the generality of analosous known means.

'Another object of my invention is the provision of triple-lockingshingle or tile which, when laid; interlock with oneanother at the sidesas well as with the relatively staggered succeeding tier of suchshingles or tile so that when a surface is coveredin by the improvedshingle or tile, in accordance with my improvements, it is whollyintegrated,.

completely weather-proof and free of any vibratory tendencies, withample provision for expansion and contraction.

' A further object is to provide a triple-lockin shingle or tile whichcan be laid on beams andv rafters without the usual under-sheathing,while the individual shingle or tile can be fabricated of any desirableand suitable material by easyishaping, molding, or pressing.

Otherobiects. with ancillary advantages, will be duly noted or becomeapparent to those skilled in the art, upon a full understanding oi theconstruction, arrangement and operation of the means hereinafterdisclosed.

For the purpose of illustrating of drawings. a typical embodiment oi apreferred means which has been found in practice to den- 'niteiy carryout the obiects above stated: al-

though it is to be understood saidmeans is not conclusive, inasmuch asthe various components may be otherwise arranged andorganized withcorresponding advanta eous results; hence the instant disclosure shouldnot beflconsidered as 'limitative other than reasonable interpretationby the an ledarrowslI-II inFig. 1, and'drawn to largerscale to: greaterclarity ofstructuraldetails.

l 'iggiisalongitudinalsectionthrcughthetiie this invention, t ere i shoby the accompanying i'our sheets- Fi 2 is a staggered cross-section o!the same, taken approximately as indicated by the angled-arrows III-HIand drawn to larger scale for clearer illustration; said section alsoshowing how the improved tiling can be applied to spaced timbers withoutany undersheath Fig. 4 is a similar section to the preceding, but takenon the plane indicated by the angled- ,arrows IV-IV in Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view, with a part broken out andother portions in section,

taken locally within the confines of the dot-anddash lined areadesignated V in Fig. l, and drawn to larger scale for betterclarification of a triplelocking feature involved in this invention.

Fig. 6 is a section taken as designated by the angled-arrows VI-VIin-Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a similar section on the plane VII-VII of Fig. 5.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the inverted 0 shallow pan-liketile-unit, of this invention, with 85 the bottom or underside thereof.

bers.

Fig. 10 is a top plan view of the tile-unit shown in perspective by thetwo preceding figures.

Fig. 11 is-a side view looking toward the righthand of Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a plan view of one form of blank from which the shallowpan-like tile-unit ofthis invention is formed.

1 Figs. 13 and 14 are perspective views, respec tively of a right-handand a left-hand side member, hereinafter fully described.

Referring more in detail to the drawings the tile assembly orconstruction therein shown, com-- prises generalunits comprehensivelydesignated ll,,similarly formed half-units ll, an cave-starter ii, andassociated right and left-hand side members or gables l8, II,respectively; while II indicates rafters and II intervening spaced tim-Each unit or tile II, as best understood from i Figs.- a-12, inclusiveis'preferablr'fabricated from amblyofl'lgd. designated a a sheetmaterial blank B, Fig. 12, of either plain or ornamental character asdesired. said bleak the line 38 setting being conveniently of thegeneral outline shown. More specifically, the blank B is of sheet, metaland embodies a main or weather area 22 deflned by the interiorrectangularly-related dot-anddash scorings 23, 24, 25 and 25; a bottomor eaveengaging section 21 flanking side gables 25, 23 respectively; andan upper interlocking-section 33; each of which will be described indetail. The eave-engaging section 21 is appropriately bent along thelower line or score 23 to define a wall 3| at a right-angle tothe'general plane of the weather area 22; and along other parallelinglines or scorings 32, 33 to respectively form a flange'34 with aninwardly-directed retroversion 35; said flange being approximatelyspaced parallel to the area 22, as readily understood on an examinationof Figs. 3, 8, 9 and 11 more particularly: while the retroversion' 35reinforces and stiflens the flange 34, in an obvious manner.

The left-hand side along parallel lines inner wall 33Figs. 3| aforesaid,a web 4| paralleling the 35, 31 and 33 to deflne an 8 and 9similar tothe wall 43, as well as an outer wall wall 33, with the bend along apartan approximately fortyflve degree lip 42, serviceable to interlock withthe adjoining tile unit l5. or gable l3, as hereinafter set forth; whileit is to be noted the inner wall 33 is of less depth than the wall 3|. nthe other hand the right-hand side portion 29 of the blank B is bentalong the line to define a wall 43, 01 like depth to the wall 33, whilethe outer part of said portion 23, beyond an intermediate scoring'orline 44 sets apart an approximately forty-five degree lip 45 forinter-engagement 'with the lip 42 of an adjoining tile unit i5, or theside gable I3, as later on explained. Incidentally it is to beparticularly noted that the parts 3i, 34 and 35 of the eave-engagingsection 21 jointly form with the adjoining part'of thearea 22 what maybe conveniently termed a channel-shape: the parts 33, 43, 4| achannel-section with an inwardly angled lip 42 section.

Referring now to the upper inter-locking secportion 231s scored and bentasaaaae I inverted shallow Dan-like unit. Furthermore when the tile l5has been fashioned, as above set forth, the wall 53 where itabuts theend of the parts 3|, 43 and 4| is brazed or welded to such parts asconventionally indicated at 51, in Fig. 9. Obviously the abutting endedges of the several walls 3|, 43, 44 and 53 may be similarly united ifdeemed expedient or necessary, although I have found in practice thatsuch connection of said well ends, for all ordinary purposes, isunnecessary.

' Turning now to the side members or gables I3, iii the former orrizht-hand gable It, as best shown by Figs. 1 and 13, is of somewhatwedgeshape in plan and oitside elevation asv clearly shown in Fignlg orn. ore particularly described the gable l3 embodies a flat main wall 53,an upper wall or flange. 59, a lower inwardly-directed flange 53, and aninverted somewhat L- shaped end flange 5|. The main wall is providedwith a truncated hollow outset 55' for passage of attaching means 55,see Fig. 4, as previously described in connection with the tile unitsl5: while attention is directed to the fact that the lower flange 53merges from its lower or wider end into the upper end of the main wall53, as clearly shown in Fig. 13. The upper flange 53 is formed with aninwardly located channel. portion 52, 53, and 54 with an angular-lip 55,see Figs. 2 and 13 to best advantage, in all respects complementai totheparts 33-42 previously described. On the other hand, the side gable |3,embodies a flat main wall 53' having an outset 55', an upper flange 53',a lower flange 50 and an end flange and the parts 43, a hooktion 33 itwill be observed that the same is scored along lines 45, 41 and 43paralleling the line 25,

hereinbefore referred to; while it is to be further seen that the blankis rectangularly notched out at one side as designated 43, and at theother side it is stepped or obtusely-angled inwards as indicated at-55,5|, for purposes later on set forth. The section 33 is bent along thelines 25, 45 to define a double-thickness retroversion or flange 52spacedly-paralleling the upper portion of the weather area 22 of thetile I5; whereupon said section is further bent along the lines 41 and48 for provision of a wall 53, paralleling the wall 3| hereinbeforereferred to and an upper securingflang 54, said-parts 53, 54forming ananglesection upper extension of the tile i5, and the flange 54 beingprovided with outwardly-projecting hollow truncate-offsets 55, forpassage of the tile attaching means 55. It is noteworthy that by formingthe oifsets' 55 as described when'the means 55 are driven into themembers 2 I, or rafter 23. said means 55 will be effectively locked oranchored in place. against working loose, incidental to partial collapseof the oifsets 55 into -biting" engagement with the shank of themeans55, as

5|; all of which, with the exception of the upper flange 53' are thecounterpart of the correspondingly numbered portions or the side gablei3: whereas the upper flange 53' is simply provided with adownwardly-directed hook-flange 33, 51 similar to the right-hand parts43, 45 of the tile unit l5.

The eave-starter H, as best understood from Figs. 3 and 4, consists ofan unsymmetrical channel-shape embodying a securing flange 53, anangularly-related web Or wall 33, and a U-section flange l3 ofadimension to snugly receive the flange 34 with its retroverted edge 35,of the tile,

I5, so that the wall 3| of the latter and the wall 53 of theeave-starter H are disposed in a commonplane, and thereby present a neatand flnished appearance along the lower edge of the tile assembly; whilethe securing flange 53 is provided with spaced truncate-outsts 55 forattaching means 55', as aforesaid.

From the foregoing disclosure the manner of laying the tile i5 will bemore or less apparent, but it is desired to briefly point out, assumingno roof-sheathing is laid on or covers in, the rafters and spacedmembers 2|, that the eavestarter i1 is first secured to the lowerroof-member 2|, see Fig. 3 to best advantage, by aid of the attachingmeans 55. The lower row of tile unitsi5, with an end half-unit I 3, arenext consecutively inter-engaged by an obvious upward sliding actionfrom left to right for instance. Or, more speciflcaliy, the lowermostleit-hand tile i5 is placed in position with the flange 34 moved intosnug interengaging coaction with the U-shapedilange 13 of thecave-starter H, such action normally positioning said tile verticallyits parts 39- interengaged with the hookedflange or parts 43, 45 of thefirst mentioned tile, and as readily understandable on an examination ofFig. 2; when said adjoining tile I5 is secured in place, asaforesaiduThis latter operation is continued until the requisite number of tiles Mare laid whereupon the half-tile I6 is correspondingly applied andfastened in position to complete the lower row of tiles from end rafter20 to end rafter 20. The super adjoining row of tile l5, ii arereversely applied and secured in place, or theyare laid downwardly fromabove and from right to left commencing with a tile I5 and ending with ahalf-tile I 6, whereby proper staggering of the successive rows of tilesis at-' tained, until the ridge of the roof is reached. The side membersor gables l8, l9 are next matinglyapplied by downward sliding engagementof their respective parts 62-65 and parts 68,61, with the confrontingparts 43, 44 and 3942 of the adjoining tiles I5 or I6, in a mannerclearly apparent; and, as each gable I8 or l9 is'connected in D sition,it is fixed by driving the associated attaching means 56' into theconfronting rafter 20, see Fig. 4. I

Referring now to Figs. 3-7 it will be apparent that the respective tileI5, I6, when laid, are positively interlocked at three distinct andinter-related positions namely: (1) to th eaveengaging flange 10 or tothe flange 52 of the relatively subjacent adjoining tile l5 andhalf-tile l6; and (2-) to one-another at the respective adjoining sides.,In other words the entire field tiles.l5, I6, as well asthe gables l8,I! are so constructed that they are interlocked with the cave-starter I!or with one. another along their lower edges as well as at theirrespective sides;

respondingly interlocked to the immediately below and above tier or rowof such tiles; which results in the entire field of said tiles beingeffectively integrated into a non-vibratory whole, that is weather-proofand highly efllcient. It is also to be particularly noted that byforming the blank B with the notch." and stepped end 50, 5| provision ismade for a rigidifying overlap II, at the left-hand side of each tile I5or ii, for example, which serves not only to maintain each row of tilein alignment but also as a clamping closure for the upper junctures ofthe tile side interlocks.

It will therefore be readily understood that the tile l5, l6, andassociated gables 18,- IB can be readily fabricated of any desirablesheet or other material, that is capable of being molded or pressedinto. the shape desired or required, such as metal, wood, clay, cement,glass, plastic, and even certain types of paper, without departing fromthe fundamentals of this invention. Another important advantage of myinvention resides in the fact that by making the tile I5, I! in the formof shallow pan-like units each said tile may have a slab 12 ofappropriate insulating material fitted therein, as conventionallyindicated in the upper tile ii of Fig. 3, such slab being retained inposition by seating on the tile flange 52, or .the eave-starter flange10, along its lower edge portion, and by resting on the superspacedmember 21, as clearly understandable on inspection of Fig. 3.

From the foregoing it is considered the merits and advantages of theimproved tile hereinbefore disclosed will be clearly apparent; also thatthe explained embodiment thereof fully justifles the objects set forth.in the prefatory paragraphs of readily this specification; andfurthermore that detail changes may be made in the form and assembly ofthe various items, without departing from the spirit of saidinvention.as'comprehended within the scope of the following claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim: 1. A shingle constructionwhich comprises in combination units of rectangular contour, each suchunit e'nbodying a channel-like lower-insection attaching-extension alongthe top of the shingle, such overhang serving to interengage withcorresponding units of a superjacent tier of said units;approximatelywedge-shaped gables having provisions for matingapplication to the respective sides of the shingle units; and anunsymmetrical channel section starter having one flange of compactedU-shape to snugly interengage the lower flange of the interlocking partof the initial row of shingle units, whereby said parts are integratedagainst'vibration.

2. A roof construction which comprises in combination an eave-starter ofunsymmetrical Y channel-section having one flange forming an and thateach tier or row of tiles I5, I 6 is cor-' attaching portion and theother flangeretroverted to compacted U-shape; tile units of generallyrectangular contour, each such unit embodying a channel-like lower partwith the longitudinal edge of the relatively free flange inwardlyretroverted for snug interlock in the eavestarter U-sh'aped flange; arectangular-section groove formation along one side and a hook-formationflange along the opposite side of said units, said groove formationbeing below and within the confines of the unit with the hook-formationflanking the opposite side thereof; and a downwardly-directed overhangwith an anglesection attaching-flange extension along the upper part ofthe tile unit,-such overhang being spaced inwardly over the weathersurface of the tile unit and serving to interengage with the lowerchannel-like flanged part of a superjacent tier of the units, wherebythe entire roof construction can be integrated against vibration.

3. A roof construction which comprises in combination a starter ofunsymmetrical channel-section having one flange forming an attachingportion and the other flange retroverted to compacted U-shape; tileunits of generally rectangular contour, each such unit embodying achannel-like lower part with the longitudinal edge portion of therelatively free flange inwardly retroverted for snug interlock in thecave-starter U.-shaped flange; a rectangular-section groove formationalong one side and a, hook-formation flange along the'opposite side ofsaid unit, said groove formation being below and within the confines ofthe tile unit withth'e hook-formation flanking the' opposite side ofsuch unit; a downwardly-directed overhang spaced inwardly over theweather surface of the tile unit and including an angle-sectionattaching extension at the upper end of said unit; and approximatelywedgeshaped gables having interlocking provisions for mating applicationto the respective outer sides of the roof construction, whereby theentire roof area, including the cave-starter. tile units and gables, isintegrated against vibration.

4. A roof construction as defined in claim 3 I wherein each tile unit isfabricated of sheet-material to embody a lower rectangular channellikepart with the relatively free edge of the lower flange retrovertedinwards as a reinforce; the opposing sides of the tile respectivelyincluding a rected spaced retroversion paralleling the upperface of saidtile unit as well as a right angled wall and attaching flange-extension,said flange-extension being co-planar with the tile upper face.

5. A roof construction as defined in claim 3 wherein the wedge-shapedgable units for one side of said construction each embodies a flat mainwall, a rectangularly-related upper flange including a channel-sectionouter portion with the free edge thereof angled inwards to form anapproximately forty-five degree locking lip, a lowerrectangularly-related flange tapering from the gable lower end to mergewith the main wall upper edge, and an inverted L-shaped end wall forclosing-in the lower end of said gable when matingly applied to the roofconstruction side edge.

6. A roof construction as defined in claim 3 wherein the wedge-shapedgable units for the other side of said construction each embodies a flatmain wall; a rectangularly-related upper flange with a right-angled downportion, said down portion including a complementally-angled sectionwith the relatively free flange portion in- -wardly bent to form adownwardly-directed hook-shaped interlock; a lower right-angled flangetapering from the gable lower end into the main wall upper edge; and aninverted L-shaped end wall at a right-angle to the main wall forclosing-in the lower end of the gable unit when matingly inter-engagedto the roof construction side edge. a

7. As a new article of manufacture a sheetmaterial inverted pan-liketile of rectangular contour, said tile embodying a channel-shaped lowerpart with the relatively lower flange having its longitudinal free edgeinwardly retroverted to define an edge reinforce; a channelsectionoutset to the plane of the tile at one side, with the relatively outerflange of such channelsection' outset inwardly angled to provide aninwardly and downwardly-directed locking lip; a rectangularly-relatedflange, at the opposite side of the tile, having its outer longitudinaledge portion similarly angled inward to define an upweirdly-directedlocking lip paralleling the first mentioned lip; and adownwardly-directed upper pacially related overhang parallel with theweather surface of the tile, said overhang including a rectangularlyshaped extension defining a top wall for the tile with a forwardlydirected attaching flange in the plane of the lower surface of saidtile.

GEORGE BER'IRAM BOOTH.

